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Dwayne McDuffie

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Dwayne McDuffie
McDuffie seated at a drawing table
McDuffie in the late 1980s or early 1990s
BornDwayne Glenn McDuffie
(1962-02-20)February 20, 1962[1]
Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
DiedFebruary 21, 2011(2011-02-21) (aged 49)
Burbank, California, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
Area(s)Writer, producer, editor
Notable works
Comics: Milestone Media, Static
TV: Static Shock, Damage Control, Justice League Unlimited, Ben 10: Alien Force, Ben 10: Ultimate Alien, All-Star Superman
Spouse(s)
Patricia D. Younger
​
​
(div. 1991)​
​
(m. 2009)​
RelativesKeegan-Michael Key
(half-brother)

Dwayne Glenn McDuffie (February 20, 1962 – February 21, 2011) was an American writer of comic books and television. He was best known for co-founding the pioneering minority-owned-and-operated comic book company Milestone Media, which focused on underrepresented minorities in American comics, creating and co-creating characters such as Icon, Rocket, Static, and Hardware. McDuffie was also known as a writer and producer for animated series such as Static Shock (based on the Static character), Damage Control, Justice League Unlimited and the Ben 10 franchise.

McDuffie earned three Eisner Award nominations for his work in comics.[2]

Early life and education

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McDuffie was born and raised in Detroit, Michigan, the son of Leroy McDuffie[3] and Edna (Hawkins) McDuffie Gardner. He attended and graduated from the Roeper School, a school for gifted children in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, in 1980.[4] Of African-American characters in comics, he later said:

"You only had two types of characters available for children. You had the stupid angry brute and the he's-smart-but-he's-black characters. And they were all colored either this Hershey-bar shade of brown, a sickly looking gray or purple. I've never seen anyone that's gray or purple before in my life. There was no diversity and almost no accuracy among the characters of color at all."[5]

In 1983, McDuffie graduated with a bachelor's degree in English from the University of Michigan, followed by a master's degree in physics.[6] He then moved to New York to attend film school at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. While McDuffie was working as a copy editor at the business magazine Investment Dealers' Digest, a friend got him an interview for an assistant editor position at Marvel Comics.[citation needed]

After McDuffie's death, comedian Keegan-Michael Key discovered that he and McDuffie were biological half-brothers, having the same father.[7][8]

Career

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Marvel and Milestone

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Going on staff at Marvel as editor Bob Budiansky's assistant on special projects,[9] McDuffie helped develop the company's first superhero trading cards.[10] He also scripted stories for Marvel. His first major work was Damage Control, a miniseries following a company that cleans collateral damage from battles.

After becoming an editor at Marvel, McDuffie submitted a spoof proposal for a comic entitled Teenage Negro Ninja Thrashers in response to Marvel's treatment of its black characters.[11] Becoming a freelancer in 1990, McDuffie wrote for dozens of various comics titles for Marvel, DC Comics, and Archie Comics. In addition, he wrote Monster in My Pocket for Harvey Comics editor Sid Jacobson, whom he cites on his website as having taught him everything he knows.[12] In early 1991, he divorced his first wife, Patricia D. Younger, in Seminole County, Florida.[13]

In the early 1990s, wanting to express a multicultural sensibility that he felt was missing in comic books, McDuffie and three partners founded Milestone Media, which The Plain Dealer of Cleveland, Ohio, described in 2000 as "the industry's most successful minority-owned-and operated comic company".[10] McDuffie explained:

If you do a black character or a female character or an Asian character, then they aren't just that character. They represent that race or that sex, and they can't be interesting because everything they do has to represent an entire block of people. You know, Superman isn't all white people and neither is Lex Luthor. We knew we had to present a range of characters within each ethnic group, which means that we couldn't do just one book. We had to do a series of books and we had to present a view of the world that's wider than the world we've seen before.[14]

Milestone, whose characters include the African-American Static, Icon, and Hardware; the Asian-American Xombi, and the multi-ethnic superhero group the Blood Syndicate, debuted its titles in 1993 through a distribution deal with DC Comics.[10] Serving as editor-in-chief, McDuffie created or co-created many characters, including Static.

Movies, television, and video games

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After Milestone had ceased publishing new comics, Static was developed into an animated series Static Shock. McDuffie was hired to write and story-edit on the series, writing 11 episodes.[10]

His other television writing credits included Teen Titans and What's New, Scooby-Doo?.

McDuffie was hired as a staff writer for the animated series Justice League and was promoted to story editor and producer as the series became Justice League Unlimited. During the series' run, McDuffie wrote, produced, or edited 69 of 91 episodes.

McDuffie also wrote the story for the video game Justice League Heroes.

McDuffie was also a writer, producer, and editor for the Ben 10 series Alien Force and Ultimate Alien. His final writing credit was the Omniverse pilot episode "The More Things Change", which released in 2012.

McDuffie wrote a number of direct-to-DVD animated films featuring DC Comics characters, including Justice League: Crisis on Two Earths and Justice League: Doom.[15] He scripted the film adaptation of All-Star Superman,[16] which released one day after his death.[15] Justice League: Doom was released posthumously in 2012.

Return to comics

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After his work on Justice League and Justice League Unlimited, McDuffie returned to writing comic books. He wrote the Marvel miniseries Beyond!.

In 2007, McDuffie wrote several issues of Firestorm for DC Comics, starting in January through to its cancellation. Later that year, he became the regular writer on Fantastic Four, scripting issues #542–553 (cover-dated Dec. 2006 March 2008).[17] Furthermore, he wrote Justice League of America vol. 2 from issues #13–34 (November 2007 – August 2009).[18] He was fired from the series following a Lying in the Gutters compilation of his frank answers to fans about the creative process.[19]

McDuffie married comic book and television writer Charlotte Fullerton in 2009.[10]

McDuffie wrote Milestone Forever, a two-issue miniseries chronicling the final adventures of his Milestone characters before they are transported to the DC Universe.

Death

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On February 21, 2011, one day after his 49th birthday, McDuffie died at Providence Saint Joseph Medical Center in Burbank, California, of complications from emergency heart surgery.[20]

Tributes

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The 2012 film Justice League: Doom is dedicated to Dwayne McDuffie, and the Blu-ray and 2-Disc DVD editions of the film include the documentary A Legion of One: The Dwayne McDuffie Story. That same year, a diner named "McDuffie's" was depicted in the Green Lantern: The Animated Series episode "The New Guy".

In 2012, the Ultimate Spider-Man episode "Damage" was dedicated to McDuffie. Furthermore, Mac Porter, the CEO of Damage Control, is modeled after him.

The Ben 10: Ultimate Alien finale episode "The Ultimate Enemy" and the video game Ben 10: Galactic Racing are dedicated to McDuffie.

In the 2011 Static Shock comics series, Virgil Hawkins' high school is named after McDuffie.

In 2015, the Long Beach Comic Expo gave out the first Dwayne McDuffie Award for Diversity in Comics.[21] It has since become an annual event for the expo.[22][23]

The Dwayne McDuffie Award for Kids' Comics is given out each year at the Ann Arbor Comic Arts Festival.

DC Comics character Naomi McDuffie is named after McDuffie.[24]

Awards and nominations

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Screenwriting

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  • series head writer denoted in bold

Television

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Films

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Bibliography

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Regular writer

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Fill-in writer

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Editor

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  • Freddy Krueger's A Nightmare on Elm Street #1–2 (Marvel Comics, October–November 1989)
  • Blood Syndicate #1–30 (DC Comics [Milestone], April 1993 – Sept. 1995)
  • Hardware #1–10 (DC Comics [Milestone], April 1993 – Dec. 1993)
  • Icon #1–8 (DC Comics [Milestone], May–Dec. 1993)
  • Static #1–28 (DC Comics [Milestone], June 1993 – Oct. 1995)
  • Static #30 (DC Comics [Milestone], Dec. 1995)
  • Shadow Cabinet #0 (DC Comics [Milestone], Jan. 1994)
  • Xombi #0 (DC Comics [Milestone], Jan. 1994)
  • Frank (2-issue miniseries, Harvey Comics, March–May 1994)
  • "The Call" (in Superman: The Man of Steel #34, DC Comics, June 1994)
  • Kobalt #1–10 (DC Comics [Milestone], June 1994 – March 1995)
  • Shadow Cabinet #1–17 (DC Comics [Milestone], June 1994 – Oct. 1995)
  • Xombi #1–16 (DC Comics [Milestone], June 1994 – Sept. 1995)
  • Worlds Collide (one-shot, DC Comics [Milestone], July 1994)
  • Deathwish #1–4 (4-issue limited series, DC Comics [Milestone], Dec. 1994 – March 1995)
  • My Name is Holocaust #1 (limited series, DC Comics [Milestone], May 1995)
  • Kobalt #14 (DC Comics [Milestone], Aug. 1995)
  • Static Shock! Rebirth of the Cool #1–4 (DC Comics [Milestone], January–September 2001)

References

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  1. ^ "United States Social Security Death Index". FamilySearch. February 21, 2011. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  2. ^ Moore, Matt (February 23, 2011). "Dwayne McDuffie, comic and animation writer, dies at 49" Archived March 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, USA Today
  3. ^ "Charlotte L. Fullerton and Dwayne G. McDuffie". Eagle Tribune. May 31, 2009. Archived from the original on February 20, 2014. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
  4. ^ "A Superhero Tribute of "Comic" Proportions- Dwayne McDuffie '80 | The Roeper Record". Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved July 27, 2020.
  5. ^ "WHOOSH! New Superheroes Liberate the Old-Boy Network". The New York Times. August 4, 1993. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved July 27, 2020.
  6. ^ What Dwayne McDuffie Meant To Comics And Why There's An Award In His Name Archived October 6, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, by Matt Wayne, in Playboy; published February 27, 2015; retrieved April 18, 2017
  7. ^ "YOU MADE IT WEIRD #275: KEEGAN-MICHAEL KEY". Nerdist Podcast. Archived from the original on June 18, 2018. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
  8. ^ "Keegan-Michael Key Has Learned That He And Dwayne McDuffie Were Half Brothers". Bleeding Cool. September 18, 2015. Archived from the original on October 6, 2015. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
  9. ^ "Bullpen Bulletins", Marvel Comics cover-dated June 1990.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Fox, Margalit (February 23, 2011). "Dwayne McDuffie, Comic-Book Writer, Dies at 49" Archived May 20, 2022, at the Wayback Machine. The New York Times.. Print edition February 24, 2011, p. B12.
  11. ^ Cronin, Brian (February 18, 2008). "Comic Book Urban Legends Revealed #138". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on August 26, 2009. Retrieved August 11, 2009.
  12. ^ "Comic Book Scripts, DwayneMcDuffie.com". Archived from the original on March 21, 2012.
  13. ^ "Public Record: Divorce Orders", Orlando Sentinel, January 13, 1991. WebCitation archive.
  14. ^ "The Landmark of Milestone" Archived February 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, DwayneMcDuffie.com. WebCitation archive
  15. ^ a b Phegley, Kiel (February 22, 2011). "Milestone Creator Dwayne McDuffie has Died". Comic Book Resources. United States: Valnet Inc. Archived from the original on February 23, 2011. Retrieved February 22, 2011. (requires scrolldown)
  16. ^ Cavna, Michael. "A Top Talent Remembered: RIP, Comics/Animation Force Dwayne McDuffie", The Washington Post, February 22, 2011. WebCitation archive.
  17. ^ "McDuffie, Dwayne" at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators. WebCitation archive.
  18. ^ Justice League of America (DC, 2006 series) Archived March 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine at the Grand Comics Database
  19. ^ Parkin, J. K. (May 28, 2009). "Dwayne McDuffie Fired from Justice League". "Robot 6", Comic Book Resources. WebCitation archive.
  20. ^ McLellan, Dennis. "Dwayne McDuffie dies at 49; comic book and animation writer", Los Angeles Times, February 24, 2011. WebCitation archive.
  21. ^ "Magruder's "M.F.K." Wins First Dwayne McDuffie Award for Diversity". March 2, 2015. Archived from the original on November 22, 2016. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  22. ^ "Diverse Comic Book Nominees Unveiled for McDuffie Awards". The Hollywood Reporter. February 10, 2016.
  23. ^ "Syndicated Comics". September 16, 2016. Archived from the original on November 21, 2016. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  24. ^ Cohen, Jason (July 11, 2019). "Naomi: DC's Teen Superhero's Last Name Honors A Late Creator". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved November 18, 2024.
  25. ^ "1995 Will Eisner Comic Industry Award Nominees and Winners". Archived from the original on January 7, 2016. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  26. ^ a b "About Dwayne McDuffie". dwaynemcduffie.com. Archived from the original on August 23, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
  27. ^ "Inkpot Awards". Comic-Con. December 6, 2012. Archived from the original on April 4, 2016. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
  28. ^ Fernandez, Jay A. (November 17, 2011). "Dwayne McDuffie and Earl Kress to Receive WGAW Animation Writing Award" Archived February 9, 2017, at the Wayback Machine. The Hollywood Reporter.
[edit]
Preceded by Iron Man writer
1989–1990 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
None
 Deathlok writer
1990–1992 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
None
 Blood Syndicate writer/editor
1993 (writer)
(editor) 		Succeeded by
Ivan Velez Jr. (writer)
Matt Wayne (editor)
Preceded by
None
 Hardware writer/editor
1993–1994 (writer)
1993 (editor) 		Succeeded by
Adam Blaustein (writer)
Matt Wayne (editor)
Preceded by
None
 Icon writer
1993–1997 		Succeeded by
None
Preceded by
None
 Static writer/editor
1993 (writer)
(editor) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
None
 Shadow Cabinet writer/editor
1994
(with Robert L. Washington III) (writer)
(editor) 		Succeeded by
Robert L. Washington III (writer)
None (editor)
Preceded by
None
 Xombi writer/editor
1994 (writer)
(editor) 		Succeeded by
John Rozum (writer)
Jacqueline Ching (editor)
Preceded by Hardware writer
1995 		Succeeded by
Preceded by X-O Manowar (vol 2) writer
1998 		Succeeded by
None
Preceded by
Mark D. Bright (writer)
Matt Wayne (editor)
(in 1997)
 Static Shock! Rebirth of the Cool writer/editor
2001 		Succeeded by
None
Preceded by Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight writer
2002 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight writer
2003 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Stuart Moore
 Firestorm writer
2007 		Succeeded by
N/A
Preceded by Fantastic Four writer
2007–2008 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Justice League of America writer
2007–2009 		Succeeded by
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